UWEC CERCA 2025

The study explores the perspective of important stakeholders in nursing home care to better understand the difficulties and opportunities for improvement regarding care and quality of life for residents living with dementia and comorbidities. The research can guide interventions to address these challenges and enhance care. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 13 stakeholders from a family-run nursing home in 2024. Participants included care assistants, well-being companions, a registered nurse, the manager, the owner, a general practitioner (GP), and informal caregivers. Interviews were conducted online via Microsoft Teams, and thematic analysis was used to identify key challenges and factors involved. Five key challenges emerged, including managing the consequences of dementia, addressing staff knowledge gaps, creating inclusive services, compensating for an under-resourced healthcare system, and understanding caregiver responsibilities. Eight facilitating factors were also identified, such as a holistic approach to care and ensuring continuity and personalization. The findings suggested that psycho-educational interventions to improve clinical care and geriatric knowledge, in addition to basic psychological training for staff, can help to address these challenges. These suggestions try to improve interactions with families, enhance the quality of care, and ultimately improve the quality of life for nursing home residents with dementia and comorbidities.

This study investigates the challenges and potential solutions in caring for nursing home residents in the U.S. who have dementia and other comorbidities. Data was gathered from 35 staff members—Directors of Nursing, Certified Nursing Assistants, physicians, administrators, and social workers—across eight nursing facilities in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Participants completed a four-question open-ended survey that explored the challenges in managing dementia and comorbidities, their causes, and potential solutions. Key issues identified include difficulties in managing mental health conditions and chronic diseases, staffing shortages, communication barriers, and unrealistic family expectations. The study recommends strategies to improve care quality, such as increasing state funding for dementia programs, ensuring adequate staffing, providing comprehensive dementia training, maintaining consistent caregivers, and offering support resources for families. These interventions aim to enhance the quality of life for residents with dementia and comorbidities.

Two Holocaust-era trenches sit between the Abava River and a local road near Sabile, Latvia. The mass murder of Sabile Jews took place on August 6,1941. The intended execution of Sabile’s Roma population never occurred leaving an open trench. The goal of the project is to locate the filled in trench containing 240 Jewish citizens and compare it to the open Roma trench. To find the Jewish trench, an 8x9m grid was laid down and ground penetrating radar (GPR) lines were collected every 0.25m using a Sensors & Software pulseEKKO Pro system with 500MHz antennae. The GPR data was then geometrically corrected using a Topcon laser leveler. Results show horizontal, to sub-horizontal semi-continuous reflection patterns with erosional truncations from 2-4m across the grid. These truncations were filled with concave upward reflection patterns. In comparison to the open Roma trench, it is hypothesized that the Jewish trench lays partially within the imaged lines and is roughly 2-4m wide and 5m deep. The study, for the first time, has been able to compare two Holocaust trenches (one open and one filled in). The results can be used by others to compare mass execution sites worldwide.

Ten kilometers outside Riga, a city located on the northern coast of Latvia, stands a public park that may seem mundane, but beneath the surface lies a dark past. Today the site is known as Mazjumpramuizha Park, but it was once the location of the Jungfernhof concentration camp during WWII. while there is one interpretive sign that acknowledges this history, it does not tell the full story and even locals remain unaware of what happened here. This silenced history is the focus of my research project, which aims to locate the prisoner barracks that once stood on the site and have been described by survivor testimonies. To accomplish this, I worked alongside a team commissioned by The Jews of Latvia Museum, utilizing ground penetrating radar— a non-invasive scanning technology that transmits electromagnetic pulses into the subsurface—to reveal what lies beneath. In conjunction with a Topcon-RL-H4C self-leveling laser to determine ground elevation, our team unearthed evidence of the camp’s barracks, including barbwire and the building’s rock foundation. For survivors, our findings provide evidence to help bring closure and launch memorial efforts via the creation of a steel monument inscribed with the victims’ names known as the Locker of Memory.

Mangrove communities play a significant role in shaping coastal communities such as San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Communities consisting of red, black, white, and buttonwood trees are commonly divided into specific regions of growth through the process of zonation with red mangroves growing along the coast, black mangroves along the muddy soils, white mangroves farther inland, and buttonwood located the farthest inland, which is dependent on soil salinity concentrations. Our goal was to define how salinity stress impacts the four mangrove species and their current health. We collected data across two sites: a high salinity body of water and a low salinity body of water. We expected an inverse relationship between salinity concentrations with tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and height. We also predicted chlorophyll content, specific leaf area (SLA), and stomata density would be greater for trees with lower salinity. Contrary to our predictions, DBH, height, and SLA did not depend on the salinity of the soil. White mangroves and buttonwoods from both sites differed in stomatal density (p-value < 0.001); however, stomatal density was not affected by salinity between sites. There was a higher chlorophyll content in higher salinity conditions compared to lower (p-value < 0.001).

In this project we evaluated the distribution, diversity, and activity patterns of bat communities on San Salvador Island in The Bahamas. This study is important because bat populations on the island were last studied 30 years ago. The goal of this study was to get updated information on different species previously encountered on the island, including: Erophylla sezikorni (buffy flower bat), Natalus tumidifrons (Bahamian funnel eared bat), Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat), Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tailed bat), and Macrotus waterhousii (big eared bat). Four Audiomoth sensors were deployed in various locations around the island over a period of seven days in January 2025. Each sensor recorded data for 12 hours each day, from dusk to dawn. From these recordings, we obtained data on the presence/absence of bat species, as well as the timing of their activity. Due to the variability in bat populations from day to day, our focus was on identifying species rather than counting the exact number of individuals in any specific area. Additionally, the team collected observational data in two caves where bats were visibly present. We also evaluated the correlation between bat activity patterns and the locations of the deployed sensors.

Japanese café culture has evolved overtime, moving from the traditional kissaten to modern, pop culture-themed cafés. This shift gives us a great way to look at how Japan’s society has changed, including its consumer habits, cultural identity, and relationship with global brands. While local cafés used to be the main focus, today’s café scene mixes traditional Japanese styles with more modern trends. In this unique environment, global coffee chains like Starbucks now sit alongside traditional Japanese cafés. The way international coffee brands have become part of Japan’s café culture is an interesting example of how brands adapt to different cultures. Starbucks, for example, has found a way to blend traditional Japanese hospitality with pop culture, helping it build a brand that connects with local people. This study will explore the history of café culture in Japan and how it reflects the country’s changing social dynamics. It will examine how cafés have evolved alongside shifts in Japanese society, and how Starbucks has adapted to these changes. By looking at this evolution, this research highlights how Starbucks has successfully aligned itself with Japan’s café culture while remaining true to its own brand identity.

Tang Ping (躺平) and Quiet Quitting have become popular concepts embraced by many young people in China and the U.S., referring to a simple lifestyle without effort making. This research project explores the impact and similarities between Tang Ping and Quiet Quitting and their impact on the younger generations between China and the U.S. In this comparative study, the research team collected data through surveys and semi-structured interviews with instructors and students in both countries, to investigate whether this is a generational or cultural issue, looking at how this will impact the student’s future as they advance into the workforce. This study will take an integrated lens to examine this concept in relation to other sociocultural aspects. This study will illuminate the connections between these two cultural issues and their prominent impact on the young generation and society, as well as offer suggestions for teaching and learning.

It is only after experiencing the country first-hand with an open mind that a person can truly return with an accurate narrative. Prior to going on a Faculty-led Immersion to Guatemala, I noticed a pattern of advice I, and others attending, would receive from both friends and family--individuals who had yet to travel to Guatemala. This ranged from advice to be careful, to watch our backs and stay in groups, to that people carry around machetes. If not "safety tips”, some of us were told we would come back feeling grateful for our lives in the United States. This left us ill-informed of social customs, home life, traditions, and the people of Guatemala. Instead, information was given which created a false picture. It became easier to prepare for the worst, to have feelings of fear and pity, to have a lack of trust, and to stray from embracing the country and its culture. The goal of this presentation is to show that the best method to prepare adolescents to defend themselves from common U.S. misconceptions about other countries is to provide opportunities for abroad and immersive experiences, including service projects, market trips, and living with host families.

Our project, The Modern Pilgrim, will illustrate our experiences walking the Camino de Santiago during the summer of 2024. We will include various pictures from our experiences in Spain, Portugal, and France, as well as other physical items. These might be our official Pilgrim Passport (with stamps from along the way), and pins and trinkets that we think hold cultural significance. Because we did an honors contract centering around the Camino immersion, we also have about ten pages of journal entries from pilgrims that we encountered. Essentially, we asked pilgrims about their motivations for taking on the historic walk and had them write these in the journal. Our goal was to create a collage detailing the motivations people have for walking to Santiago. The diversity was incredible! Religious reasons, personal reasons, losing a loved one, finding yourself, making peace.. these were just a few responses. We thought that CERCA would be a great opportunity to inform the community about the Camino de Santiago, and the incredible culture surrounding it.

During the Holocaust from the 15-17 of December 1941, ~2,749 Jewish women and children were massacred behind a foredune along the coastline of Šķēde, Latvia. The execution trench has not been located, despite numerous photos of the killings. The research aims to identify the location of the trench using shallow, non-invasive subsurface imaging tools to respect Jewish Halacha burial laws, avoiding disruption of the deceased. Based on earlier research including current and past aerial imagery, witness testimonies, and historical photos of the killings, a 15x30m (NW-SE) GPR grid was laid down within the foredune. Using a Sensors & Software pulseEKKO Pro GPR system, lines were collected every 0.25m with 500MHz antennae and a step size of 0.02m, which allowed subsurface depths of ~4m (0.10m/ns velocity). The subsurface reflections dip at a 30-34° angle, with erosional truncation occurring at ~17-21m and extending ~3.1m below the surface; these dipping layers are interpreted as a probable trench ~5m wide throughout the grid. Based on witness testimonies, the trench is hypothesized to be ~100m long (S-N). The findings have been shared with the local Jewish community for memorialization, and the research provides a framework for identifying unmarked graves worldwide.

This project explores Costa Rica’s universal healthcare system, focusing on its approach to serving urban, rural, and Indigenous communities, as well as its role in enhancing population health. During a faculty-led intercultural immersion, we partnered with local experts and healthcare providers in the country and engaged in site visits to learn more about their healthcare system. The system has notably contributed to increased life expectancy, reduced infectious disease transmission, and lower rates of infant mortality while adapting to the growing burden of chronic disease in an aging population. Unlike the privatized and fragmented U.S. healthcare system, Costa Rica provides universal access, offering a valuable case study in alternative care models. By comparing the Costa Rican and U.S. healthcare systems, this project underscores the benefits and challenges of universal care, contributing to a more holistic approach to improving healthcare access and equity.

As climate change continues to escalate, it is evident that some countries are making substantial efforts, while others fall behind. Through participation in a Faculty-Led Intercultural Immersion program, we observed that Costa Rica has emerged as is a pioneer in developing a green economy, prioritizing sustainability, and implementing environmental protections. This project investigates Costa Rica’s existing policies and future initiatives aimed at improving planetary health, with the goal of identifying strategies that may inspire global efforts. Additionally, we seek to raise awareness of the urgent effects of climate change and emphasize the importance of international collaboration, particularly the role of the United States, in promoting a healthier and more sustainable planet.

At the Costa Rican-Panamanian border, Indigenous migration has historically supported both Costa Rica’s economy and the livelihoods of Indigenous populations throughout Central America. In this project, “From Bean to Border”, we examine cyclic migratory patterns of indigenous people and the role it plays in Costa Rican coffee production. This project was inspired by our Faculty-Led Immersion program, “Global Health in Costa Rica” in which our group spent ten days in Costa Rica learning about how migration, labor, and public health are all interconnected. By learning directly from small-scale coffee producers, we traced the journey of the coffee bean from cultivation and harvesting to processing and roasting. This provided insight into how labor-intensive coffee production can be for those who are a part of the industry. Our findings highlight the intricate connections between Indigenous migration, economic structures, and health outcomes, underscoring the need for a more equitable and sustainable coffee industry.

This research highlights the differences between Japanese pop music from other pop music and examines Japan in relation to the country's popular music genres including insight to globalization. This in-person research conducted in Japan analyzes the impact of the U.S. and Japan’s relationship in regards to the music industry.The central questions of this research is how Japanese and American fandoms differ in the context of cultural exchange and how Japan’s relationship with the U.S. has affected this exchange. Fan communities, data from album and concert sales of Japanese Pop and Rock artists are analyzed in order to evaluate the reception of these genres in domestic and foreign markets. This research considers the historical relationship between Japan and the U.S. before and during the development of this genre.This study provides insight into Japan’s global cultural identity by showcasing globalization in Japan through the lens of the Japanese music industry. Japan’s history with the U.S. sheds a new perspective on the pop culture breakout of Japanese media, and the growing collaborative relationship with America. From using weapons of war to culturally influencing one another, this research lends insight to the changing relationship between these two countries.

In this paper I will be discussing the relation between Japanese manga and anime, and the changes from the transition from manga to anime due to censorship laws and changes within post-WWII Japan. Continuing, I will discuss what these laws and changes within Japan are meant to accomplish and what their application/results could have on their media as a whole. Next, I will be discussing what changes are made to media when exported to other countries to adhere to their redactive laws. The definition of censorship that I will be using for this paper is: “Places where media that has been changed to limit the themes, concepts, or actions that are deemed unsensible or unwanted by a large, usually government, body.” This definition is meant to include things that are commonplace such as blurring or black boxes, or even censorship that’s more transformative via cutting out parts of original material completely.This research will make people aware of how media can be changed to convey a certain culture's beliefs on what is “appropriate” for a certain group of people. To take it to a more extreme level, this research will also convey how strict/effective censorship can be at a non-concerning level- not censoring certain content to prevent learning about certain information. And how potentially concerning censorship could be put in place with similar laws. And finally how censorship reflects a culture as a whole.

This study examines the impact of goal orientations (results-oriented vs. process-oriented) on team dynamics and performance evaluations within global virtual teams, challenging traditional assumptions about team efficiency. Drawing on Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory (1959), Locke's Goal-setting Theory (1967), and intrinsic motivation frameworks, we analyzed data from the X-Culture Project, encompassing 3,660 undergraduate business students in 925 global virtual teams during Fall 2020. Our research specifically investigates how different approaches to incentive mechanisms and goal orientations influence team member perceptions and evaluations. Through multivariate regression analysis, we found that while both results-oriented (focused on monetary rewards and certificates) and process-oriented (valuing collaborative experiences and relationships) team members reported similar levels of subjective satisfaction, their peer evaluations differed significantly. Results-oriented members received lower peer evaluations, being perceived as less creative, less effortful, and less task-compliant. Conversely, process-oriented members were evaluated more positively, demonstrating stronger leadership qualities, active thinking, and perceived work ethic. This favorable evaluation of process-oriented members may be attributed to their stronger focus on team relationships, communication, and collaborative learning, which are particularly crucial in virtual environments where building trust and maintaining engagement require extra effort. Their emphasis on the journey rather than just the destination likely leads to more consistent participation, better communication patterns, and stronger relationship building – all qualities highly valued by peers in virtual collaborative settings. These findings challenge conventional wisdom about incentive structures in global virtual teams and suggest that process orientation may offer a competitive advantage in virtual collaborative environments. The study contributes to our understanding of team dynamics and has important implications for designing effective incentive mechanisms and managing diverse goal orientations in virtual team settings.

This research proposal investigates the communication tool preferences of native English speakers (NES) and English as a second language (ESL) learners within global virtual teams, focusing on the interplay between communication frequency (CF), communication tools (CT), team conflict (TC), and identification (ID). The study posits three hypotheses: (H1) communication frequency is negatively correlated with team conflict, suggesting that increased CF reduces TC; (H2) higher communication frequency positively influences the use of information-dense communication tools, such as Zoom, over less dense tools like text messaging; and (H3) communication tool preferences differ based on identification—NES members shift from low-density tools (e.g., texts) in low-frequency settings to high-density tools (e.g., Zoom) in high-frequency settings to minimize conflict, while ESL members consistently prefer text-based tools across all frequencies to mitigate interaction tension and reduce conflict. Based on the data collected from 153 global virtual student teams which participated in the X-Culture project, we found that higher communication frequency will reduce team conflict across both groups, with NES members not showing any preferences on communication tools, while ESL members exhibit a persistent reliance on text-based tools to address linguistic and social challenges. These findings aim to deepen insights into effective communication strategies in linguistically diverse virtual teams, providing actionable guidance for enhancing collaboration in globalized educational and professional settings.