Mobile applications like PictureThis use artificial intelligence to identify plant species, providing a convenient tool for users without botanical expertise. However, the accuracy of these applications remains uncertain, which is particularly important in ecological and conservation contexts, as misidentifications can have serious consequences. This study evaluated the reliability of PictureThis by comparing its identifications with genetic sequencing results from plant samples collected on the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire campus. Ninety-four plant samples were analyzed, with sixty-five yielding positive genetic identifications. Of these, thirty-three (51%) matched the species-level identification provided by PictureThis, while twelve (18%) were confirmed at the genus level and five (8%) at the family level. The remaining fifteen (23%) showed no correspondence between genetic sequencing and app-based identifications. Discrepancies may stem from the app’s inability to identify certain plants, such as grasses, or its reliance on superficial similarities. Notably, genetic analysis confirmed that twelve plants identified by the app as non-native were actually native to Wisconsin, indicating an overestimation of non-native species. These findings highlight the limitations of AI-based plant identification apps and emphasize the need to supplement such tools with scientific validation when making ecological or conservation decisions.
